9,000 to 8,000 BCE
Hunting and gathering was Homo sapiens' food system for almost ninety percent of human history. Following the final ice age, a irresolute climate offered favorable weather condition for the dawn of agriculture, and humans in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle Due east began domesticating wild animals – ancestors of domestic sheep, goats, cows, and pigs. In the post-obit millenia, agronomics spread and independently arose across the world, leading to a shift from hunter-gatherer to agrarian societies.
1492
Following Christopher Columbus' kickoff voyage to the Americas in 1492, European colonists brought people they enslaved to the New World, likewise as diseases and animals, in what is known equally the Columbian Exchange. The initial eight pigs, twenty-five horses, and other animal species brought past Columbus and subsequent voyages became populations of millions of new animals in the Americas in a matter of decades.
16th century
Colonial guild in the Americas became economically dependent on a livestock-based farming model, in contrast to indigenous people's traditional human relationship to food, being far less centered on domesticated animals. This livestock-based farming model required all-encompassing use of country and was a driving force in farther colonization and expansion.
17th century
The middle of the 17th century in Britain saw the beginning of a progression of discoveries and innovations known every bit the British Agricultural Revolution. Among these changes was the widespread adoption of a more intensive crop rotation system, which in turn increased productivity and made information technology viable to feed and produce larger numbers of animals.
18th to 19th centuries
The Industrial Revolution – a period which emphasized increasing turn a profit and productivity – saw the innovation of technologies for mass production and set the phase for the future industrialization of animal agriculture. Agriculturalists Robert Bakewell and Thomas Coke adult selective breeding of animals in agriculture, creating sheep who grow unnaturally long wool and cows who abound unnaturally large.
1906
Later 7 weeks going clandestine at meat processing plants in Chicago, Illinois, writer Upton Sinclair published The Jungle to expose the dangerous working conditions for laborers and cruelty towards animals in the industry. Instead, the public became infuriated over the details surrounding food quality, as his work also pointed out the extremely unsanitary practices involved. Equally put by Sinclair, "I aimed at the public'south heart and by blow I hitting information technology in the stomach."
1930
Public outcry almost food safety in 1906 had led to the passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act, which mandated inspection of food products and animals used for food but did not accost labor conditions nor creature welfare. The Meat Inspection Act was assigned to the Nutrient Safety and Inspection Service nether the USDA. The Pure Nutrient and Drug Act was assigned to the Bureau of Chemistry, which was renamed the FDA in 1930.
1930s to 1940s
The discovery of antibiotics in the early on 20th century made its way to application in the agriculture sector in the U.S., starting time being marketed for employ in animals in 1938. The ability to drastically reduce the spread of disease in farmed animals led to higher productivity and even greater intensification in animate being agriculture.
1930s to 1960s
The U.Due south. government began to strongly endorse industrialized farming every bit a means of production. Every bit new technologies continued to intensify agriculture, legislation granting federal budgetary support aided this growing level of production. The beginning of these bills was the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Human action, a toll-support program designed to sustain agronomical production post-WWI and during the Great Depression.
1980s
Toward the end of the 20th century, the full general structure of industrialized agriculture we see today was established and the relationship of our food system to animals, rural communities, consumers, and agricultural workers had radically inverse.
1986
After documenting abusive practices of the beast agriculture manufacture through undercover investigations, Subcontract Sanctuary was founded in 1986 as a national nonprofit dedicated to exposing and challenging these practices and working to change the fashion society views and treats farmed animals.
1990s
From 1950 to 1997, U.Southward. farms on average doubled in size and the number of farms was halved. Animal agriculture shifted from many small farms with few animals, to fewer and larger farms with thousands of animals. Agricultural labor went from employing 47% of the U.S. population to 2%.
2009
The 2009 swine influenza (H1N1) pandemic made its way across the globe, killing an estimated 150,000-575,000 people. An earlier strain of the virus had been identified in U.Southward. factory farms in the 1990s and circulated throughout sus scrofa farms over the following decade before making the spring to humans. A combination of high-density creature confinement and poor regulation probable fostered an environment conducive to the spread of the virus.
2010s
Factory farming in the U.S. represented 99% of animal agriculture. Past the stop of the decade, the almanac number of animals slaughtered neared ten billion. Agricultural subsidies became disproportionately allocated to commodity crops. Corn and soy production solitary, grown predominantly equally feed for farmed animals, received over 45% of U.S. agronomical subsidies. Less than 1% of U.S. agronomical subsidies went toward the production of non-commodity crop vegetables and fruits.
2020
A broad-based motion of anti-factory farming advancement organizations, representing the interests of workers, rural communities, animals, the environment, and public health, have mobilized to shine a light on the night realities of industrialized farming and advocate for legal and structural alter, including models for a community-centered, plant-based food organisation and an end to all brute agronomics.
Epitome: Everett Drove/shutterstock.com
nine,000 to 8,000 BCE
Hunting and gathering was Homo sapiens' food system for almost 90 percent of human history. Following the final ice historic period, a changing climate offered favorable weather for the dawn of agriculture, and humans in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle E began domesticating wild animals – ancestors of domestic sheep, goats, cows, and pigs. In the following millenia, agronomics spread and independently arose across the world, leading to a shift from hunter-gatherer to agrarian societies.
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